JULIAN28

Business ethics is an interesting branch of business theory, primarily because of the fact that they are inherently interesting in a market economy. People tend to be extremely distrustful of corporations in market economies and the bigger they are, the worse that problem of trust usually gets. Business ethics therefore are politically charged in many different circumstances and that in turn serves to make them interesting. Aside from this academic interest however, are also important for a company and its success. Here are some ways in which this is true.

Ethics concern an individual’s moral judgements about right and wrong. Decisions taken within an organisation may be made by individuals or groups, but whoever makes them will be influenced by the culture of the company. The decision to behave ethically is a moral one; employees must decide what they think is the right course of action. This may involve rejecting the route that would lead to the biggest short-term profit.

Ethical behaviour and corporate social responsibility can bring significant benefits to a business. For example, they may:

· Attract customers to the firm’s products, which means boosting sales and profits

· Make employees want to stay with the business, reduce labour turnover and therefore increase productivity

· Attract more employees wanting to work for the business, reduce recruitment costs and enable the company to get the most talented employees

· Attract investors and keep the company’s share price high, thereby protecting the business from takeover.

Knowing that the company they deal with has stated their morals and made a promise to work in an ethical and responsible manner allows investors’ peace of mind that their money is being used in a way that arranges with their own moral standing. When working for a company with strong business ethics, employees are comfortable in the knowledge that they are not by their own action allowing unethical practices to continue. Customers are at ease buying products or services from a company they know to source their materials and labour in an ethical and responsible way.

Public Image

It is impossible to discuss business ethics as a branch of academia without taking a look at the relationship between business ethics and public image. Each corporation has a particular public image, which represents the way in which the public views the corporation.

A corporation's environmental policy, the way they treat their employees and the way they treat the communities they exist in are all part of their overall behavior and this in turn is the principle factor in determining their public image. Since public image is largely a result of company behavior, business ethics play a large role in determining public image since they determine behavior. And public image is important to success in most cases, which is one of the reasons as to why business ethics are important to a company's overall success.

Investment

Another reason that business ethics are important is the relationship they have to investment. When a person or an entity is considering investment in a particular stock, there are a number of things they take into account. Therefore, a company that would like to encourage extra is a company that has a strong sense of business ethics. Part of business ethics is responsibility to the investor and for that reason companies with strong reputations in the field of ethical business behavior are also companies that tend to attract more investment from people that are new into the market. Investment is most definitely important to success.

Partnerships

In the business world, joint ventures happen all the time. They happen all the time because they are ultimately of great importance to the bottom lines of businesses. A business can be made or broken on just one joint venture and part of the reason that joint ventures are successful is that they combine the forces of two extremely powerful companies on occasion.

If you want your company to do well in joint ventures, then you need to have good partners. The only way to get good partners is to have a good reputation both in terms of a track record and in terms of your business overall. And of course, the best way to get a good reputation is to ensure that your company has a strong tradition of ethical business behavior.

Examples of corporations that use business ethics as the key to their success

McDonald’s Business Ethics

Aim and Purpose

This report on the CSR and business ethics for McDonalds will aid the management and executives in the board of McDonalds to better deliver their CSR to their strategic business partners and the public in general. The report also illuminates areas that perhaps McDonalds should consider incorporating into its CSR plan for the next operating year.

This report shall assume certain factors. Firstly, that McDonalds CSR is uniform throughout all the countries that it operates fast food restaurants in. secondly, the report shall also assume that the CSR and business ethics that McDonalds has implemented and will implement have gained general acceptance amongst its business partners, customers and the public in general.

Situation Analysis

In each and every country, McDonalds has thrives to develop a menu that fits the tastes and culture of the people in those countries. This has made McDonalds unique in its delivery of fine and quality fast food products. Its CSR strategies have helped it to identify the needs of the people within these destinations and develop fast food solutions that best fits their needs. McDonalds is thus mindful of its customers’ diverse needs. In addition, McDonalds strives to promote healthy diets that benefit its customer.

Factors and Discussion

McDonald’s core values are all aimed at promoting the Corporate Social Responsibility of the firm. This is achieved through giving value to the customers, the supply chain as well as the other business partners with whom McDonalds does business. McDonalds indeed acknowledges the fact that its customers are the reason behind its success and existence. McDonalds values its employees and states that it is committed towards the career growth and development of its employees through a comprehensive training plan.

Sustainable supply chain

McDonald’s suppliers are required to adhere to the strict Code of Conduct which enhances the supply chain ensuring that the fast food giant gets the best quality products as raw material for preparing the fast food restaurants.

Nutrition and wellbeing

McDonalds is always committed to the wellbeing of its customers through producing fast food products that have no adverse health effects on the customers. The company follows the strict advice of its nutrition experts. There have been concerns about obesity that McDonalds has taken seriously and strived to avoid producing fast food products that may lead to obesity among its customers.

Environmental responsibility

McDonalds takes its social responsibility concerning the environment seriously. The firm established its very own Global Environment Commitment (Houk and Williams, p.134). The company has continued to focus on improving its commitment towards the environment. As far as McDonalds CSR regarding the environment is concerned, the fast food giant has in the past and present focused on three main areas namely; energy efficiency, sustainable packaging and waste management as well as green restaurant design. McDonalds has sort to use more energy efficient strategies such as the use of natural gas in the fast food restaurants. McDonalds continues to seek ways of increasing energy efficiency. Furthermore, the fast food giant also seeks to reduce the impact of its operations on the environmental impact.

Employment experience

McDonalds has a policy within all its subsidiaries and fast food restaurants worldwide of giving its employees a priority over all other things. The firm indeed identifies that employees are core in the company’s success. McDonalds has in the past devised training programs aimed at employee development. Moreover, the firm empowers its employees to take up new challenges in the fast food market. Furthermore, McDonalds supports human rights which forms part of it global business conduct.

Community responsibility

For ages, McDonalds has been supporting the Olympic Games through feeding program aimed at feeding the athletics. McDonalds is also involved in various charities and also supports education in the developing countries where it has its franchises and fast food restaurants. As part of its bid to return back to the society, McDonalds has sponsored several children programs involving eradication of illiteracy and poverty.

Conclusion

McDonalds has been able to achieve high success through its identification of the elements that make it succeed most. These elements include its employees, customers and the suppliers. McDonalds values its employees and has various training programs to support their bid towards an excellent service provision. The company draws its success mostly from its employees. McDonalds also hires quality and highly valuable employee’s thus ensuring continued success for the company.

Kelompok 3

· AGUNG SEDAYU MULYONO (10115290)

· BAYU BUDIARTO (11115280)

· MUCHAMMAD MUJI (14115330)

· JULIAN DINI (13115622)

· NADYA ARMELIA (14115934)

Source :

https://www.slideshare.net/y4ss1r/business-ethics-14811885

https://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/161760/corporate_matters/why_business_ethics_are_important_for_a_company_and_its_success.html

https://blogs.accaglobal.com/2014/11/25/why-is-ethics-important-to-business/

https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/mcdonalds-business-ethics.php

Modal Auxiliary

Modal Auxiliary adalah kata kerja yang bertugas membantu kata kerja utama. Jadi Modal Auxiliary adalah kata kerja pembantu, dan kata kerja utama itu adalah “majikannya”. Contoh: I will explain about modal auxiliary. “Will” adalah kata kerja bantu yang bertugas membantu kata kerja utamanya yaitu “Explain”. Karena hanya pembantu, sehingga ketika dihilangkan tidak akan menjadi masalah dan kalimat tersebut tidak akan kehilangan makna utamanya. Tapi kalau kata kerja utamanya yang dihilangkan, maka kalimat tersebut akan kehilangan makna. Modal auxiliary hanya terdiri dari beberapa kata kerja saja. Jadi kita tidak perlu khawatir dalam memahaminya. Berikut saya jelaskan apa saja yang termasuk modal auxiliary disertai dengan contoh kalimatnya.

B. Contoh dan Fungsi Modal Auxiliary Verbs.

· WILL
Fungsi : Berbicara tentang pekerjaan di masa depan,
Contoh : I won’t (will not) be in the office until 11; I’ve got a meeting

Membuat semi formal permintaan,
Contoh : Will you open the window, please? It’s very hot in here.

· SHALL
Fungsi : Untuk menawarkan sesuatu,
Contoh : Shall I fetch you another glass of wine?

Membuat kalimat saran,
Contoh : Shall we go to the cinema tonight?

· MAY & MIGHT
Fungsi : Menggambarkan pekerjaan yang mungkin terjadi. Bedanya May lebih memungkinkan terjadi (50% chance); sedangkan might lebih meragukan (mungkin hanya 30% chance).
Contoh: She may be back in her office: the lecture finished ten minutes ago.

Menunjukkan persetujuan atau izin. Jadi biasa diterjemahkan dengan arti “boleh”.
Contoh : You may go home now.

· WOULD
Fungsi : Bentuk past dari will.
Contoh : He said the next meeting would be in a month’s time.

Permintaan tolong yang lebih halus dari “will”.
Contoh : Would you like another cup of tea?

· CAN & COULD
Fungsi : Berbicara tentang kemampuan.
Contoh: Can you speak Mandarin? (present)
She could play the piano when she was five. (past)

Membuat permintaan,
Contoh : Can you give me a ring at about 10?
Could you speak up a bit please? (slightly more formal, polite or ‘softer’)

Permohonan izin,
Contoh : Can I ask you a question?
Could I ask you a personal question? (more formal, polite or indirect)

Pilihan,
Contoh: If you want some help with your writing, you can come to classes, or you can get some 1:1 help.

· MUST
Fungsi : Untuk menunjukkan sebuah kewajiban atau keharusan.
Contoh: People must try to be more tolerant of each other.

Sugesti/saran/ajakan yang kuat.
Contoh : I think you really must make more of an effort.

Menunjukkan arti “Pasti”.
Contoh : This must be the place – there’s a white car parked outside (ini pasti tempat – ada mobil putih yang diparkir di luar). Jadi must di sini artinya bukan “harus”, tapi “pasti”.

· SHOULD
Fungsi : Memberi Saran.
Contoh: I think you should go for the Alfa rather than the Audi.

Kewajiban, tapi lebih lemah dari “must”.
Contoh : The equipment should be inspected regularly. (Peralatan harus diperiksa secara rutin).

Seharusnya, tapi ga terjadi.
Contoh : I should have renewed my TV licence last month, but I forgot.

· OUGHT TO
Ought to punya makna yang sama dengan should, biasanya dipakai pada kalimat affirmative pada waktu present (saat ini).
Contoh : You should/ought to get your hair cut.

C. Catatan untuk Modal Auxiliary.

Tidak bisa diikuti oleh Modal yang lain. Jadi tidak boleh: I should can, kalau terpaksa, maka “can” harus diganti dengan “be able” sehingga menjadi: I should be able.

Tidak bisa berganti bentuk atau ditambahi, misalnya ditambahi “-s” atau “-ed”. Jadi tidak boleh: She cans (tetap she can sekalipun orang ketiga tunggal) Selain Ought, modal auxiliary tidak boleh diikuti “to”. Jadi tidak boleh: You can to go, tapi harus: you can go.

Demikianlah penjelasan tentang Pengertian, Contoh dan Fungsi Modal Auxiliary Verbs. Like, twit atau komentar kamu adalah semangatku untuk terus memberikan materi bermanfaat lainnya. Terima kasih.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

https://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-contoh-dan-fungsi-modal-auxiliary-verbs/

Dalam Bahasa Inggris, ada dua jenis linking words atau kata penghubung, yaitu conjuctiondan connector.

Apa itu conjunction? Dalam Bahasa Indonesia, conjunction (jamak: conjunctions) dikenal sebagai konjungsi atau kata sambung. Fungsi utamanya adalah seperti lem yang digunakan untuk menyambungkan dua atau lebih kata, kalimat, maupun klausa menjadi satu.

Contoh dari conjunction adalah:

ALTHOUGH, AND, BECAUSE, BUT, IF, OR, SO, UNLESS, WHEN, WHILE … dan lain-lain.

Menurut fungsinya, conjunctions dibagi ke dalam dua kategori, yaitu: coordinating conjunctions dan subordinating conjunctions.

Selain itu, conjunction juga bisa digunakan secara berpasangan. Pasangan conjunction ini lebih sering disebut dengan correlatives.

Contoh conjunction dalam kalimat:

I tried to help the bickering neighbor, but my brother said I shouldn’t meddle with others’ business.

I was in the kitchen when I heard someone knock the door.

I don’t think I would be able to finish the cake off because I’m already full.

Apa perbedaan conjunction dengan connector?

Meski sama-sama kata penghubung, keduanya berbeda pada penggunaannya. Conjuctiondigunakan untuk menyambungkan kata, kalimat atau klausa ke dalam satu kalimat, sedangkan connector digunakan untuk menunjukan adanya hubungan antara satu kalimat dengan kalimat berikutnya.

Contoh penggunaan connector:

Accurate referencing is essential for academic work, but it isn’t because of its immediately apparent to higher education. This essay will, therefore, examine why it is important for academic writing.

Reading aloud to young children stimulates their interest in books. Similarly, visiting libraries or book fairs has been shown to increase children’s readiness to engage with print.

Connector merupakan bagian dari transition words yang menghubungkan satu kalimat dengan kalimat selanjutnya.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

https://blog.bahaso.com/pengertian-conjunction-dan-connector-beserta-fungsinya

https://www.myenglishteacher.eu/blog/list-of-sentence-connectors-in-english/

http://www.glasshead.co.uk/fotutumas

RELATIVE CLAUSE

Adjective clause atau relative clause adalah dependent clause yang berperan sebagai adjective (kata sifat) yang menerangkan noun (kata benda) atau pronoun (kata ganti) pada main clause suatu complex sentence (kalimat yang terdiri dari independent clause dan satu atau lebih dependent clause).

Rumus Complex Sentence

main clause (independent clause) + adjective clause

Adjective clause dibentuk dengan suatu kata yang disebut relative pronoun. Relative pronoun terdiri dari:

· who

· whom

· whose

· which

· that

· indefinite relative pronoun dengan suffix -ever: whoever, whomever, dan whichever

Selain dengan relative pronoun, adjective clause dapat pula dibentuk dengan relative adverb. Kata keterangan ini ada tiga, yaitu:

· where

· when

· why

Adjective clause dengan where untuk menerangkan noun yang menyatakan tempat, dengan when untuk menerangkan noun yang menyatakan waktu, dan dengan why untuk menerangkan noun yang menyatakan alasan.

Rumus Adjective Clause

relative pronoun +/- S* + V

relative adverb + S + V

*Relative pronoun (who, which, that) dapat berfungsi sebagai subject jika tidak ada subject.

Posisi adjective clause selalu mengikuti noun atau pronoun yang diterangkannya. Noun atau pronoun tersebut di dalam main clause berfungsi sebagai subject, object, atau subject complement.

Situasi	Posisi Adjective Clause
Adjective clause menerangkan subject.	S + adjective clause + verb +/- object +/- modifier
Adjective clause menerangkan object.	S + verb + object + adjective clause
Adjective clause menerangkan subject complement.	S + linking verb + subject complement + adjective clause

Contoh Kalimat Adjective Clause

simple sentence	The book is interesting. (Buku tersebut menarik.)
complex sentence	The book that he just read is interesting. (Buku yang baru dia baca itu menarik.) menerangkan subject “book”
	I like the book that he just read. (Saya suka buku yang baru dia baca.) menerangkan object “book”
	This is the book that he just read. (Ini buku yang baru dia baca.) menerangkan subject complement “book”

Fungsi Relative Pronoun pada Adjective Clause

Di dalam adjective clause suatu relative pronoun berfungsi sebagai subject, object, atau possessive.

Fungsi dan Macam Relative Pronoun	Contoh Adjective Clause
subject Relative pronoun yang dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek antara lain: who, that, dan which.	that is made of wood (yang terbuat dari kayu) Pembuktian: coba substitusi dengan “It” (subjective personal pronoun)
object Relative pronoun yang dapat berfungsi sebagai objek antara lain: whom, that, who, dan which. Kata ini dapat dihilangkan pada defining adjective clause pada informal English.	which I wish to buy (yang saya ingin beli) Pembuktian: coba substitusi dengan “it” (objective personal pronoun)
possessive Relative pronoun yang dapat berfungsi sebagai possessive adalah whose.	whose house has burned down (yang rumahnya telah terbakar) Pembuktian: coba substitusi dengan “his” (possessive personal pronoun)

Defining dan Non-Defining Adjective Clause

Saat menerangkan subjek kalimat, posisi adjective clause akan berada di tengah kalimat. Klausa tersebut dapat diapit comma (koma) ataupun tidak, tergantung pada penting atau tidaknya informasi yang dibawanya. Informasi tersebut dinilai penting (essential) jika akan mengubah makna kalimat ketika dihilangkan. Pada situasi tersebut, koma tidak digunakan. Adjective clause yang membawa informasi penting tersebut dinamakan defining adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika informasi tidak penting (non-essential) sehingga dapat dihilangkan tanpa mengubah makna kalimat, maka koma perlu digunakan. Klausa yang membawa informasi tidak penting tersebut dinamakan non-defining adjective clause.

Contoh Kalimat Defining dan Non-Defining Adjective Clause

defining clause	People who chew well may have healthy digestion. (Orang-orang yang mengunyah dengan baik mungkin memilihi pencernaan yang sehat.)
non-defining clause	Yulia, who works out three times a week, has a positive body image. (Yulia, yang berolahraga tiga kali seminggu, memiliki cinta tubuh positif.)

Contoh Kalimat Adjective Clause dengan Berbagai Relative Pronoun / Relative Adverb

Relative Pronoun / relative Adverb		Contoh Kalimat Adjective Clause
who	He is the man who works hard to support their daily needs. (Dia pria yang bekerja keras untuk menanggung kebutuhan sehari-hari mereka.) menerangkan “man” (subject complement)
whom	The woman whom you saw last night is my sister. (Wanita yang kamu lihat tadi malam adalah saudara saya.) menerangkan “woman” (subject)
whose	The man, whose car had a flat tire, works as an English Teacher. (The man yang ban mobilnya kempes bekerja sebagai guru bahasa Inggris.) menerangkan “man” (subject)
which	Tom, which is very cute, is my cat. (Tom, yang sangat manis, adalah kucing saya.) menerangkan “Tom” (subject)
that	It is the car that I really like. (Ini mobil yang saya sangat sukai.) menerangkan “car” (subject complement)
where	Bandar Lampung is a city where I was born. (Bandar Lampung adalah kota dimana saya dilahirkan.) menerangkan “city” (subject complement)
when	I still remember the day when we first met. (Saya masih ingat hari ketika kita pertama bertemu.) menerangkan “day” (object)
why	This pie chart shows the main reasons why customers leave your company. (Bagan pai ini menunjukkan alasan utama mengapa pelanggan meninggalkan perusahaanmu.) menerangkan “reason” (object)

Contoh video Relative Caluses

Defining/Restrictive Relative Clause

Defining Clause adalah relative clause yang membawa informasi essential (penting) sehingga tidak dapat dihilangkan karena akan mengubah makna keseluruhan kalimat.

Klausa tipe ini tidak menggunakan comma (koma) yang membatasinya dengan main clause. Karena tidak adanya koma, maka complex sentence tersebut dilafalkan dengan lembut tanpa penekanan.

Contoh Defining Clause:All the copies of the book which I found on the shelves yesterday are now out on loan.(Semua salinan buku itu yang saya temukan di rak-rak itu kemarin sekarang sedang dipinjam.)

“Which I found on the shelves yesterday” merupakan defining clause yang tidak dapat dihilangkan. Karena jika dihilangkan, kalimat menjadi “all the copies of the book are now out on loan” padahal maksud penulis “hanya semua kopi dari sebuah buku yang dia temukan di rak-rak itu”. Dengan demikian pembaca menjadi tidak memahami dengan jelas buku yang dimaksud karena informasi pentingnya telah dihilangkan.

Fungsi Relative Pronoun pada Defining Clause

Fungsi	Relative Pronoun	Contoh Defining Clause
subject	who, that, which	who called me last night (yang menghubungi saya semalam)
object	whom, that, which, who	whom I want to meet (yang saya ingin temui)
possessive	whose	whose windows are broken (yang jendelanya rusak)

Contoh Defining Clause pada Berbagai Relative Pronoun

Pada informal English, ketika berfungsi sebagai object, relative pronoun dapat dihilangkan (optional). Namun tidak berlaku pada formal English. Berikut beberapa contoh complex sentence yang mengandung defining clause.

Fungsi	Contoh Complex Sentence
who	People who chew well may have healthy digestion. (Orang-orang yang menguyah dengan baik mungkin mempunyai pencernaan yang sehat.) subject dari verb “chew” Keterangan: Kamu tidak akan tau orang seperti apa yang dimaksud (hanya orang yang mengunyah dengan baik) jika informasi tersebut dihilangkan.
who	The person who I just gave two pieces of cake to is my brother. (Orang yang yang baru aku kasih dua potong kue adalah saudaraku.) object dari preposition “to” Keterangan: Informal written English, spoken; formal= whom
whom	The person to whom I just gave two pieces of cake is my brother. object dari preposition “to” Keterangan: Informal: The person I just gave two pieces of cake to is my brother.
whom	The woman whom I called this morning is my mother. (Wanita yang aku telpon pagi ini adalah ibuku.) object dari verb “called” Keterangan: Informal: The woman I called this morning is my mother.
whose	The student whose wallet lost in the class has reported the incident to his teacher. (Siswa yang dompetnya hilang di kelas telah melaporkan kejadian tersebut pada gurunya.) possessive Keterangan: Kamu tidak akan tau siswa mana yang dimaksud (hanya yang dompetnya hilang di kelas) jika informasi tersebut dihilangkan.
which	Cats which live in the wild may rarely get sick. (Kucing-kucing yang hidup di alam liar mungkin jarang sakit.) subject dari verb “live” Keterangan: Kamu tidak akan tau kucing mana yang dimaksud (hanya yang tinggal di alam liar) jika informasi tersebut dihilangkan.
which	All the copies of the book which I found on the shelves yesterday are now out on loan. object dari verb “found”
that	Everyone that joins the program will never feel disappointed. (Setiap orang yang bergabung dengan program tsb tidak akan pernah merasa kecewa.) subject dari relative clause Keterangan: Kamu tidak akan tau setiap orang mana yang dimaksud (hanya yang mengikuti program) jika informasi tersebut dihilangkan.
that	No one that he loves won’t come to his graduation ceremony. (Tak satupun yang dia cintai tidak akan datang ke acara wisudanya.) object dari verb “loves” Keterangan: Informal = No one he loves won’t come to his graduation ceremony.

Non-Defining/Non-Restrictive Relative Clause

Non-defining atau non-restrictive clause adalah relative clause yang membawa informasi non-essential (tidak penting atau tambahan) sehingga dapat dihilangkan karena pembaca akan tetap dapat memahami maksud penulis.

Klausa tipe ini menggunakan comma (koma) yang membatasinya dengan main clause. Karena adanya koma, complex sentence tersebut dilafalkan dengan penekanan. Relative pronoun yang digunakan pada non-defining relative clause antara lain:

· who

· whom

· whose

· which

· whose

Non-defining clause menerangkan subjek:

Subject, non-defining clause, + verb +/- object +/- modifier

Non-defining clause menerangkan object / subject complement:

Subject + verb + object / subject complement, non-defining clause

Contoh Kalimat Non-Defining Clause:

The table, which was made of marble, has been repaired.(Meja itu, yang terbuat dari marmer, telah diperbaiki.)

“Which was made of marble” merupakan non-defining clause yang dapat dihilangkan karena hanya sekedar tambahan informasi berupa deskripsi dari table. Penulis sekedar ingin menyampaikan, “Omong-omong, mejanya terbuat dari marmer”. Dengan demikian, jika informasi tambahan yang diapit koma tersebut dihilangkan, pembaca tetap dapat memahami maksud penulis.

Fungsi Relative Pronoun pada Non-defining Clause

Fungsi	Relative Pronoun	Contoh Non-Defining Clause
subject	who, which	which is painted in broken white (yang dicat broken white)
object	whom, which, who	whom I want to buy (yang aku ingin beli)
possessive	whose	whose car is antique (yang mobilnya antik)

Contoh Non-Defining Clause pada Berbagai Relative Pronoun

Pada informal English, ketika berfungsi sebagai object, relative pronoun dapat dihilangkan (optional), namun tidak pada formal English. Berikut beberapa contoh complex sentence yang mengandung non-defining clause.

Fungsi Relative Pronoun	Contoh Complex Sentence
who	The woman, who is very beautiful, is my teacher. (Wanita yang sangat cantik tsb adalah guruku.) subject of verb “is”
	The manager, who always comes on time, has worked for almost 10 years. Manager yang selalu datang terpat waktu tsb telah bekerja hampir 10 tahun.) subject of verb “comes”
	Mr. Abraham, who I admire so much, was my headmaster. [Informal written English, spoken; formal: whom] (Mr. Abraham, yang sangat aku kagumi, dulunya adalah kepala sekolahku.) object of verb “admire”
whom	Mr. Abraham, whom I admire so much, was my headmaster. object of verb “admire”
whose	The mansion, whose owner is going on holiday, has burned down. (Rumah besar yang pemiliknya sedang pergi berlibur telah terbakar.) possessive
which	The sport car, which I want to buy, will be discontinued this year. (Mobil sport yang aku ingin beli, akan dihentikan produksinya tahun ini.) subject of the verb “buy”
	The biography book, which is very thick, has been sold about 10,000 copies. (Buku biografi yang sangat tebal tsb telah terjual sekitar 10.000 eksemplar.) object of verb “is”